buy custom The Federal Bureau of Prisons essay

buy custom The Federal Bureau of Prisons essay The states with the highest number of prison gangs include California, Florida, Arizona and Texas. In Texas, there are 11 main prison gangs. Six of them are Hispanic gangs, three are predominantly for whites and two are for blacks. These groups have spread their tentacles to all other states where they are referred to as disruptive groups by Federal Bureau of Prisons (Fong,1990). The Federal Bureau of Prisons is continually identifying prison gangs and assigning them the title security threat groups. In a 2004 prison gang survey carried out by Prof. George Knox, 4 out of 5 Americans believed that federal prison agencies need to do more in order to investigate as well as prosecute organized prison gangs as well as other security threat groups within the country. Provision of tuition support to prison staff members has been one of the strategies that the Federal Bureau of prisons has been employing in order to try and deal with the problem of organized gangs especially when it comes to maintaining law and order within prison environments. In a bid to deal with these gangs, some prison authorities have devised a classification system that puts into consideration memberships to certain groups, legal or illegal. This sems like a rather disturbing revelation as indicated Prof. Georges report and should therefore be investigated further. The survey, entitled: The Problem of Gangs and Security Threat Groups (STGs) in American Prisons Today: Recent Research Findings, 82 percent of all the people surveyed said that transferring gang members and leaders to institutions with higher security was the best way of dealing with prison gangs. The federal government has been instituting legal provisions that allow for withdrawal of privileges from inmates who belong in these gangs or who are caught engaging in any form of gang-inspired misconduct. How gangs affect administration and management When prison gangs hurt entire societies in the streets, the blame lands square on the state and federal administration. The Federal Bureau of Prisons has had to make new laws in order to pave way for new restrictions to be imposed on inmates who belong in gangs that commit crimes both within the prison and out in the street. Staffing resources have had to be increased in order to increase the capacity by the administration to deal with the escalating gang prooblem. Additionally, the federal administration has had to make changes to the existing facilities in order to make them in an environment full of dangerous and hostile gangs. These changes have been taking place at a time when more specialized training among prison officials has been advocated for in order to enable them deal with Security Threat Gangs (STG) as well as prison gangs. The federal government has also been forced to introduce additional services in all prisons in order to provide gang members with professional counseling services. Against this backdrop, the biggest demand by management of prisons has been the call for denouncement of prison gangs by all members and leaders of the gangs. Although much has been done in the criminal justice system in order to deal with the street gang problem in California, the problem is evident in every corner of this wonderful state. New prison gangs that are extremely feared by local people continue to emerge, meaning that residents might have to request for more gang injunctions from the criminal justice department in order to get a sense of security. If a multifaceted approach is taken by all criminal justice institutions, this problem will be overcome in the foreseeable future. Buy custom The Federal Bureau of Prisons essay

Biology Prefixes and Suffixes Index

Biology Prefixes and Suffixes Index Have you ever heard of pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis? This is an actual word, but dont let that scare you. Some science terms can be difficult to comprehend: By identifying the affixes elements added before and after base words you can understand even the most complex terms. This index will help you identify some commonly used prefixes and suffixes in biology. Common Prefixes (Ana-): indicates upward direction, synthesis or buildup, repetition, excess or separation. (Angio-): signifies a type of receptacles such as a vessel or shell. (Arthr- or Arthro-): refers to a joint or a junction that separates different parts. (Auto-): identifies something as belonging to oneself, occurring within or occurring spontaneously. (Blast- , -blast): indicates an immature developmental stage. (Cephal- or Cephalo-): referring to the head. (Chrom- or Chromo-): denotes color or pigmentation. (Cyto- or Cyte-): regarding or relating to a cell. (Dactyl-, -dactyl): refers to a digit or tactile appendages such as a finger or toe. (Diplo-): means double, paired or twofold. (Ect- or Ecto-): means outer or external. (End- or Endo-): means inner or internal. (Epi-): indicates a position that is above, on or near a surface. (Erythr- or Erythro-): means red or reddish in color. (Ex- or Exo-): means external, out of or away from. (Eu-): means genuine, true, well or good. (Gam-, Gamo or -gamy): refers to fertilization, sexual reproduction or marriage. (Glyco- or Gluco-): pertains to a sugar or a sugar derivative. (Haplo-): means single or simple. (Hem-, Hemo- or Hemato-): denoting blood or blood components (plasma and blood cells). (Heter- or Hetero-): means unlike, different or other. (Karyo- or Caryo-): means nut or kernel, and also refers to the nucleus of a cell. (Meso-): means middle or intermediate. (My- or Myo-): means muscle. (Neur- or Neuro-): referring to nerves or the nervous system. (Peri-): means surrounding, near or around. (Phag- or Phago-): pertaining to eating, swallowing or consuming. (Poly-): means many or excessive. (Proto-): means primary or primitive. (Staphyl- or Staphylo-): referring to a cluster or bunch. (Tel- or Telo-): denoting an end, extremity or final phase. (Zo- or Zoo-): pertaining an animal or animal life. Common Suffixes (-ase): denoting an enzyme. In enzyme naming, this suffix is added to the end of the substrate name. (-derm or -dermis): referring to tissue or skin. (-ectomy or -stomy): pertaining to the act of cutting out or the surgical removal of tissue. (-emia or -aemia): referring to a condition of the blood or the presence of a substance in the blood. (-genic): means giving rise to, producing or forming. (-itis): denoting inflammation, commonly of a tissue or organ. (-kinesis or -kinesia): indicating activity or movement. (-lysis): referring to degradation, decomposition, bursting or releasing. (-oma): indicating an abnormal growth or tumor. (-osis or -otic): indicating a disease or abnormal production of a substance. (-otomy or -tomy): denoting an incision or surgical cut. (-penia): pertaining to a deficiency or lack. (-phage or -phagia): the act of eating or consuming. (-phile or -philic): having an affinity for or strong attraction to something specific. (-plasm or -plasmo): referring to tissue or a living substance. (-scope): denoting an instrument used for observation or examination. (-stasis): indicating the maintenance of a constant state. (-troph or -trophy): pertaining to nourishment or a method of nutrient acquisition. Other Tips While knowing suffixes and prefixes will tell you much about biological terms, its helpful to know a few other tricks for deciphering their meanings, including: Breaking down words: Breaking down biological terms into their component parts can help you decipher their meanings.Dissections: Just as you might dissect a frog to separate (it) into pieces, as Merriam-Webster explains, you can also break down a biological term to expose its several parts for scientific examination.

Primary Source Anaylses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Primary Source Anaylses - Research Paper Example Psychoanalysis is the field of psychology that is attributed to Sigmund Freud for its development. The basic concepts of psychoanalysis are centered around interpretation and observation, with the interpretation of dreams being one core principle of the methodology.2 In his work â€Å"The interpretation of dreams†, Freud relates the foundation of his principles and beliefs in the interpretation of dreams as they are a core factor in understanding the psychological behaviors and reactions of a patient. Written in the year 1900, the work is an example of the direction of psychology as it moved forward as a scientific pursuit. The concept of analyzing a patient to find causality was an important theory in moving the scientific research of psychology forward. Freud uses himself as an example in order to make his points about the importance of dreams. He uses the example of eating salty foods late at night in order to promote a thirst, which he says is always preceded by a dream of this type of content.3 Freud uses himself liberally throughout the work in order to establish this foundation. In order to define his concept of wish fulfillment and the function that dreams have in providing this revelation about the often hidden desires of a man or a woman, he suggests that fulfillment does not always suggest just something that is wanted, but that it might reflect fear, a reflex or even a reproduced memory.4 The intention of the work that Freud does in writing â€Å"The interpretation of dreams† is to create a field of psychological study that is centered on dreaming. He establishes dreams as valid objects of study rather than a presumption of either supernatural flight of the mind or of frivolous thoughts that might have preoccupied traditional thought before this time.5 The intention of Freud to relate his field of study to a defined psychology means of research is relevant to the

The Support For Social And Political Reform In The 1960s. Watergate Essay

The Support For Social And Political Reform In The 1960s. Watergate political scandal - Essay Example There were enormous civil rights struggles, militant wages struggles in virtually every sector of the economy and urban riots. So why did all of this decline in the 1970's One of the reasons for this decline was that the 1970's was a time of the rise of the Conservative Right as a reaction to the permissiveness of the counter-culture in the 1960's which dismissed "family values", traditional religious values and had a widespread distrust in the government, thus creating a counter reaction to that culture. Things were further complicated by America's declining economic condition world wide and the oil shock of 1973-74.The US saw the deepest recession since the 1930s.At this time President Nixon also announced the closure of the "Golden Window" which was a system of managed exchange rates which had far reaching political and economic consequences for American politics. The American working class did continue much of its militancy which was characteristic of the 1960's strikes. There were bitter strikes throughout the 1970s by workers and this crisis peaked during the 111-day nationwide coal miners' strike of 1977-78.These workers sought to reinforce the whole series of social reforms about workers made by Roosevelt's New Deal. Often dubbed as concessions wrenched by the working class from the American ruling class, these were no longer feasible for the economically stagnating position of the US ruling elite and there was a continuous struggle to end these reforms. _______________________________________________________________ DQ2.Why was Watergate a political scandal What were the immediate and long-term consequences of the Watergate investigation The term Watergate has become synonymous with corruption and conspiracy after it was used to cover the plethoric mass of political scandals between 1972 and 1974. Watergate is actually the name of a Hotel in Washington D.C which also accommodates offices. On June 17, 1972 the office of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) was burgled and the eventual concealment of this burglary caused the political downfall of President Richard Nixon who ultimately resigned on 8 August 1974. In 1972 Five men belonging to the Plumbers group broke in and tapped the phones of DNC .These men were working secretly with the Nixon administration and were trying to stop and discredit on Daniel Ellsberg who had leaked the Vietnam war scandal. The only reason this burglary was revealed was because of a vigilant security guard. The scandal arose when it turned out that all of the so called burglars were being funded by the Committee to Re-Elect the President (C.R.E.E.P.). Although Nixon won the next presidential election the repercussions of the scandal were far reaching as the so called burglars went to jail. Many of the White House staff resigned as the link between the burglary and the administration became obvious. In 1973 there was a Senate investigation and Nixon admitted to having the tapped oval office conversations and pleaded Executive Privilege as an excuse not to hand the tapes over. After the famous "Saturday Night Massacre' in October 1973 as he tried firing the people he feared would tell on him he was in deeper trouble as his continued refusal caused him to be named un-indicted co-conspirator in the obstruction of justice over the Watergate matter. Nixon continued to claim Executive Privilege in his refusals to hand the materials over. The Supreme Court unanimously rejected his contention and he was ordered to hand over the tapes. At his refusal the House of

Analysis of Sula by Toni Morrison Essay -- Nel Wright Sula Peace Morr

Analysis of Sula by Toni Morrison Toni Morrison wrote a touching story of two childhood friends who test the bonds of friendship and love. Throughout the story there are many themes that implore the reader to look more in depth at their meanings and consequences. The main theme throughout the book is that of friendship. In the novel we are introduced to two young girls from very different backgrounds, Sula and Nel. These two girls are like two sides of one person; they know each other's thoughts, "a compliment to one was a compliment to the other." Although they appear to be best friends through much of the novel, they betray one another in the end. As the reader follows along with the story it becomes quite obvious that Sula and Nel are polar opposites in their actions and their lifestyles. Sula depended upon Nel for sturdiness and comfort, while Nel preferred the unpredictable nature of her counterpart. They used the other's lifestyle to compensate for their shortcomings by placing themselves in the other's surroundings. When Sula visited Nel's home, she was comfortable in it, while Nel regarded the oppressive neatness with dread, but felt comfortable in it, with Sula. In the same way, Sula found comfort within the walls of the Wright home. They took solace in each other's presence. Each one finds comfort in what the other finds bothersome. Sula dislikes her disheveled house, and wishes that she could live in the clean house of Nel's. Nel likes the homeliness of Sula's house. Abandonment plays a major role in the novel as well. This theme is evident in many different points in the story. Boy-Boy, Sula's grandfather, leaves Eva, Sula's grandmother, after a long unhealthy marriage. He left her w... ...ple's fears of death and make them realize that it is unpredictable, many people of the Bottom die in a presentation following the annual parade. Sula and Nel are two halves of a whole. The conforming Nel searches for a sense of order in her life when she marries Jude at a young age, which in the end seems to fail in giving her a happy life. Sula, on the other hand, opposes the conventions of society and ends her life rather satisfied. Throughout the novel there were many themes present. Ms. Morrison did a wonderful job of writing an entertaining story while providing the reader with many opportunities to look for deeper meanings and analyze the story. In looking for a deeper meaning the reader is presented with an unforgettable portrait of the effects friendship and love on a relationship. Works Cited: Morrison, Toni. Sula. Plume. New York: 1973.

Debate Paper on Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.

Malcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr. If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all men. These words spoken by Christ can be found in Romans 12:8 that refer to living in peace with everyone. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are both men that fought and petitioned for equality for black people. Did they both have different approaches and views on how to obtain said peace and equality? Absolutely. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in the pacifist way for reaching the level of peace that was desired by the general black community and himself.Malcolm X, on the other hand, was not as passive and didn’t believe in the nonviolent method that Dr. King did. Malcolm X believed that getting peace by any means necessary and fighting back both verbally and physically against all of those that stood in the way of the main goal. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in the philosophy that racial equality would only be embraced and reached through peaceful acts such as marches and sit-ins. He got his inspiration for these peaceful from Gandhi along with his religious background.Throughout all of his speeches I have read including the â€Å"Where Do We Go from Here† and â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, Dr. King always speaks in with a call to peaceful action by utilizing the pathos appeal by using the future of his children as a prime example in each speech. Malcolm X didn’t quite agree with the nonviolent approach during the civil rights era. He believed that the best way to get the results that both he and Dr. King wanted was by fighting white aggressors and whoever else stood in the way of the getting it. Some people believed that Malcolm X’s approach was better and more effective that Dr.King’s method because it produced more tangible differences that Dr. King’s. In Malcolm X’s speech entitled â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet†, he fights the fire of aggression from the oppressors of the black community by defending it with fire. For example, on line in the speech states that â€Å"I believe in action on all fronts by whatever means necessary. † In my personal opinion, I agree with the philosophy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. I am a wholehearted believer of nonviolence. Whenever there is a problem, there will always be a proper nonviolent solution. Works Cited

How Is Gasoline Made What Are Octane Ratings

Gasoline consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Most of these are alkanes with 4-10 carbon atoms per molecule. Smaller amounts of aromatic compounds are present. Alkenes and alkynes may also be present in gasoline. Gasoline is most often produced by the fractional distillation of petroleum, also known as crude oil (it is also produced from coal and oil shale). The crude oil is separated according to different boiling points into fractions. This fractional distillation process yields approximately 250 mL of straight-run gasoline for each liter of crude oil. The yield of gasoline may be doubled by converting higher or lower boiling point fractions into hydrocarbons in the gasoline range. Two of the main processes used to perform this conversion is cracking and isomerization. How Cracking Works In cracking, high molecular weight fractions and catalysts are heated to the point where the carbon-carbon bonds break. Products of the reaction include alkenes and alkanes of lower molecular weight than were present in the original fraction. The alkanes from the cracking reaction are added to the straight-run gasoline to increase the gasoline yield from the crude oil. An example of a cracking reaction is: alkane C13H28 (l) → alkane C8H18 (l) alkene C2H4 (g) alkene C3H6 (g) How Isomerization Works In the isomerization process, straight-chain alkanes are converted into branched-chain isomers, which burn more efficiently. For example, pentane and a catalyst may react to yield 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane. Also, some isomerization occurs during the cracking process, which increases the gasoline quality. Octane Ratings and Engine Knock In internal combustion engines, the compressed gasoline-air mixtures have a tendency to ignite prematurely rather than burning smoothly. This creates engine knock, a characteristic rattling or pinging sound in one or more cylinders. The octane number of gasoline is a measure of its resistance to knock. The octane number is determined by comparing the characteristics of a gasoline to isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) and heptane. Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100. It is a highly branched compound that burns smoothly, with a little knock. On the other hand, heptane is given an octane rating of zero. It is an unbranched compound and knocks badly. Straight-run gasoline has an octane number of about 70. In other words, straight-run gasoline has the same knocking properties as a mixture of 70% isooctane and 30% heptane. Cracking, isomerization and other processes can be used to increase the octane  rating of gasoline  to about 90. Anti-knock agents may be added to further increase the octane rating. Tetraethyl lead, Pb(C2H5)4, was one such agent, which was added to gas at the rate of up to 2.4 grams per gallon of gasoline. The switch to unleaded gasoline has required the addition of more expensive compounds, such as aromatics and highly branched alkanes, to maintain high octane numbers. Gasoline pumps typically post octane numbers as an average of two different values. Often you may see the octane rating quoted as (RM)/2. One value is the  research octane number  (RON), which is determined with a test engine running at a low speed of 600 rpm. The other value is the  motor octane number  (MON), which is determined with a test engine running at a higher speed of 900 rpm. If, for example, a gasoline has a RON of 98 and a MON of 90, then the posted octane number would be the average of the two values or 94. High octane gasoline does not outperform regular octane gasoline in preventing engine deposits from forming, in removing them, or in cleaning the engine. However modern high octane fuels may contain additional detergents to help protect high compression engines. Consumers should select the lowest octane grade at which the cars engine runs without knocking. Occasional light knocking or pinging wont harm the engine and doesnt indicate a need for higher octane. On the other hand, a heavy or persistent knock may result in engine damage. Additional Gasoline and Octane Ratings Reading American Petroleum Institute  - The API represents the US oil and natural gas industry.Automotive Gasoline FAQ  - This is Bruce Hamiltons very well-referenced article, converted into HTML by Kyle Hamar.Gasoline FAQs Part 1  - Starting point for Bruce Hamiltons (Industrial Research Limited) comprehensive gasoline FAQs.Gasoline FAQs  - Detailed information about octane ratings is provided.HowStuffWorks: How Car Engines Work  - If you dont know how it works, then this is the article for you! The graphics are cool, but a printable version of the article is also available.HowStuffWorks: What Does Octane Mean?  - This is Marshall Brains answer to the question.